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ProsCons
Sidechains
Compared with transactions on the Ethereum chain, it is cheaper and scalable
The security of the side chain itself and the security of the cross-chain process: Once the side chain fails, the assets transferred to the side chain are very likely to be lost
State Channels
Single transaction costs are lower; transaction privacy is guaranteed; and the fund security of participants is guaranteed
Poor user experience and usability; poor scalability of the network scalability mechanism, making it difficult to achieve other operations outside of the chain transaction
Plasma
Gas fee is fixed; it can ensure the safety of users' assets in the case of Layer 2 failure
Lack of flexibility, transaction data is not available
ZK Rollups
High degree of decentralization and verification efficiency, faster speed, higher throughput and scalability
The process of generating zero-knowledge proofs is complex and difficult, not only requires a lot of calculations, but also the customization development of applications is difficult, and it is difficult to realize a universal platform compatible with existing applications
Optimistic Rollups
It is easier to implement a common platform; compatible with EVM smart contracts, reducing the workload of developers, and greatly reducing the difficulty of project migration
The verification efficiency is low, and the transaction compression rate is also lower, so the capacity scalability capability is also worse
Validium
Uses zero-knowledge proof like ZK rollup, so it is more efficient and faster
Asset data is stored off-chain, lower security