术语表
我们在这里为您整理了一系列行业术语，方便您在浏览文章时更好地进行理解
A
51% Attack | 51% 攻击
如果网络上一半以上的算力或哈希率被一个人或一个群体控制，那么就会发生 51% 攻击。
Airdrop | 空投 通过向交易者发放一些免费代币来推广加密货币的一种方式
Algorithmic Stablecoin | 算法稳定币 算法稳定币是纯粹通过软件和算法特定条件与法定货币（通常是美元）挂钩的代币。
All-Time-High (ATH) | 历史最高价
某种加密货币在其交易历史上达到的最高价格或市值。
Altcoin | 山寨币
比特币之外的所有加密货币。
Application Programming Interface (API) | 应用程序编程接口
API（应用程序编程接口）是一组规则或协议，可支持软件应用程序相互通信，以交换数据、特性和功能。
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) | 专用集成电路
指专门用于执行特定任务的集成电路，例如，计算比特币工作量证明的哈希值
Arbitrage | 套利
投资者在一个市场买入某种货币，然后在另一个市场以更高的价格卖出以获取利润的策略。
ASIC Resistant | 抗 ASIC
该术语用于描述抵抗专用集成电路 (ASIC) 的加密货币工作量证明协议，通过打包各种参数使 ASIC 难以在与普通硬件的竞争中占据优势。
Ask Me Anything (AMA) | 知无不言
指某个职业的个人（例如消防员、护士、记者）或公司（例如特斯拉的首席执行官）为用户举办一个会议来回答提问的行为。
Atomic SWAP | 原子互换
原子交换是指无需中介即可交换在不同区块链上运行的加密货币的跨链交易方式。
B
Bearish | 看跌
用于表示对市场或资产的负面情绪，投资者认为价格将会下跌。
Bear Market | 熊市
与牛市相反，表示市场趋势向下。
Bitcoin ATM | 比特币ATM
一种可以购买或出售比特币的机器。通常还提供不同类型的加密货币交易。
Bitcoin Evangelist | 比特币传教士
对比特币充满热情，并致力于传播比特币知识的人。
Block | 区块
在区块链的语境中，区块指的是按预定大小捆绑在一起的交易数据或信息的集合。
Blockchain | 区块链
就比特币而言，区块链描述了它的去中心化的公共账本，其中包含了交易信息。
Block Confirmation | 区块确认
特定区块的确认次数。引用区块之前的每个区块都会为其增加一次确认。
Block Explorer | 区块浏览器
显示信息的应用程序或网站，例如给定公共区块链网络中交易状态或区块中包含的数据。
Block Height | 区块高度
用于表示特定区块在区块链中的位置的编号。
Block Reward | 区块奖励
区块链中内置的一种激励验证者的机制。
Bots | 机器人
Refers to software or programmes that automatically trade based on preset behaviours.
Bounty | 赏金
任何人都可以完成的公共任务，并可获得奖励。
BUIDL | 原本拼写为 BUILD
对投资者的建议，鼓励他们为区块链上的新项目做贡献，而不是仅仅持有加密货币并等待价格上涨。
Bullish | 看涨
用于表示对市场或资产的积极情绪，投资者认为价格将会上涨。
Bull Market | 牛市
牛市表示市场趋势向上。
Burned Tokens | 销毁的代币
已发送到私钥未知地址的代币，实际上变得不可用。
Buy Wall | 买墙
在单一价格点上异常大的买单，在订单簿中显示为“墙”。
Byzantine Fault | 拜占庭故障
指的是一个错误已经发生，但由于缺乏信息，计算机系统不知道哪个组件或什么原因导致故障，并继续执行给定的指令。
Byzantine Generals’ Problem | 拜占庭将军问题
用来描述一个策略需要所有不可信或无法验证的群体成员达成共识的情况。
C
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) | 中央银行数字货币
由中央银行发行的数字法定货币，与由非立法机构发行的加密货币相对。
Centralized | 中心化
一种组织结构，其中少数人控制整个网络。
Central Ledger | 中央账本
公司或银行的中央数据存储库。
Circulating Supply | 流通供应量
目前未被锁定并可用于公开交易的本币或代币数量的近似值。
Cloud Mining | 云挖矿
通过租用公司托管的物理设备的处理能力在区块链上进行挖矿。
Cold Storage | 冷储存
加密货币的离线存储，被认为更安全，因为它们还需要物理访问（例如硬件钱包、纸质钱包）。
Cold Wallet | 冷钱包
离线的钱包，需要对某些设备进行物理访问（例如硬件钱包、纸质钱包）。
Consensus | 共识
在区块链系统中，当所有参与者就将添加到区块链的下一个区块的内容达成一致时，即实现共识。
Cryptocurrency | 加密货币
一种利用加密协议来记录所有权并防止伪造的数字货币形式。
Cryptography | 密码学
密码学科或研究领域，使用加密技术将人类可读的信息转换为只有拥有相关知识的人才能解密的内容。
Custody | 托管
对资产的保护性管理或监护。
D
Decentralized | 去中心化
一个没有中心化故障点或组织的系统，没有中央权威机构。
Decentralized Applications (dApps) | 去中心化应用程序
在去中心化的点对点网络（如以太坊）上运行的应用程序。
Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) | 去中心化自治组织
开源且去中心化的系统，不需要中心化的运营者或控制者。
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) | 去中心化金融
没有中央权威且不受审查的去中心化金融应用程序。
Decryption | 解密
将先前加密（使其不可读）的数据恢复为可读形式的过程。
Degen | Degenerate（堕落者）的缩写
在没有尽职调查和研究的情况下进行加密交易，基本上相当于赌博。
Delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPOS) | 委托权益证明
一种共识机制，其中网络中的选定成员通过投票成为代表，负责验证交易并在区块链上生成区块。
Derivatives | 衍生品
一种金融工具，其价值源自基础资产或指数的表现（例如黄金、原油）。
Derivatives Market | 衍生品市场
衍生品的市场，这些工具如期货或期权，其价值来自于基础资产。
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack | 分布式拒绝服务攻击
一种常见的网络攻击策略，攻击者将大量流量引向特定网络或服务，以试图干扰正常服务。
Distributed Ledger | 分布式账本
数据存储和同步在一组节点网络中的账本。
Dominance | 主导地位
通常指比特币的市值主导地位。
Do Your Own Research (DYOR) | 自己做研究
建议投资者自己对他们想投资的币种进行研究。
Dump | 抛售
一个常用来描述市场下跌的术语，或描述个人出售其持有资产的行为。
Dutch Auction | 荷兰拍卖
荷兰拍卖，也被称为“倒置”拍卖，从高要价开始，价格随着时间的推移而下降，直到预定的底价。
E
EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal) | 以太坊改进提案
用于在以太坊网络上引入新功能或进行更新。
Encryption | 加密
在密码学中，加密是一种通过称为密码的算法将原始信息（称为明文）编码的过程。加密后的信息现在称为密文。只有授权方才能解密密文并将其恢复为原始明文。
ERC-1155 | ERC-1155
ERC-1155 代币标准允许每个代币 ID 同时表示非同质化代币（NFTs）和同质化代币，这些代币可以拥有各自的元数据、代币供应量及其他属性。
ERC-20 | ERC-20
ERC-20 是以太坊中最广泛使用的代币标准之一，用于创建同质化、可交换的代币。
ERC-721 | ERC-721
ERC-721 是以太坊中最广泛使用的代币标准之一，用于创建非同质化、可交换的代币。
Ethereum Name Service (ENS) | 以太坊域名服务
以太坊域名服务 (ENS) 是一种查找服务，允许以太坊用户通过简单的名称查找网站或发送和接收资金。
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) | 以太坊虚拟机
以太坊虚拟机 (EVM) 是执行所有智能合约的环境。
Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) | 交易所交易基金
交易所交易基金 (ETF) 是一种证券形式，它跟踪股票、债券、指数或加密货币等证券的集合，但可以像单一股票一样进行交易。
F
Faucet | 水龙头
通常指的是一个网站或应用程序，用户可以通过导航到该处，定期获得小额奖励。
Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) | 错失恐惧症
指的是由于错过潜在的有利可图的投资机会而感到担忧，并可能在以后感到后悔。通常用于描述投资者害怕错过购买可能最终带来利润的加密货币的最佳时机。
Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt (FUD) | 恐惧、不确定性与怀疑
一种通过传播虚假信息来劝阻人们购买特定加密货币的策略。
Fiat-Pegged Cryptocurrency | 与法币挂钩的加密货币
与某种基础资产挂钩的加密货币。
Frontrun | 抢先交易
拦截一个超大额买单，以便在订单交易在区块链上确认之前购买并将资产转售给买家。
Full Node | 全节点
全节点是验证给定加密货币协议中内置规则的计算机。
Futures | 期货
指的是两方之间的协议，要求他们在未来根据合同条款进行交易。
G
Gas | Gas
在以太坊区块链上进行交易或智能合约所需计算工作量的度量单位。
Gas Limit | Gas 上限
指的是用户愿意在以太坊区块链上交易中花费的最大Gas单位数量。
Gas Price | Gas 价格
指的是用户愿意在以太坊区块链上为一笔交易支付的价格。
Genesis Block | 创世区块
这是处理和验证以形成新区块链的第一个数据块，通常称为“区块0”或“区块1”。
Golden Cross | 黄金交叉
在技术K线图模式中，通过比较短期移动平均线和长期移动平均线形成的看涨信号。当短期移动平均线突破长期移动平均线时，即形成黄金交叉。
Gwei | Gwei
以太坊中用于计算Gas费用的货币单位，涉及以太币 (Ether)。
H
Halving | 减半
一种事件，用于将区块链网络中工作量证明（Proof-of-Work）矿工的奖励减少一半。
Hard Fork | 硬分叉
指的是区块链永久分裂为两个区块链。原始区块链不承认新版本。
Hash | 哈希
哈希函数是一种输出代码（唯一且字母数字组合），它是从输入字符串中获得的。
Hashrate | 哈希率
区块链的总处理能力，或表示为在一定时间内可以计算的哈希值的数量。
HODL | 原拼写为HOLD
一种加密货币术语，意思是持有资产而不是出售。鼓励投资者持有资产而非出售的加密货币术语。
Hot Wallet | 热钱包
一种存储加密货币的工具，始终连接互联网。
I
Impermanent Loss | 无常损失
由于波动性导致流动性提供者提供的代币对之间价格偏离，造成的临时性资金损失。
Initial Coin Offering (ICO) | 首次代币发行
首次代币发行（ICO）相当于首次公开募股（IPO），公司/加密货币项目通过众筹销售筹集资金。
IEO | 首次交易所发行
首次交易所发行（IEO）是首次代币发行（ICO）的衍生形式，代币的销售是在交易所上进行的，而不是由代币团队自行进行。
IPO | 首次公开募股
首次公开募股（IPO）指的是一家上市公司向公众发行新股的过程，从而通过公众投资者筹集资金。
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) | 星际文件系统
星际文件系统 (IPFS) 是一种点对点网络和分布式文件系统协议，用于存储和传输数据。
Internet of Things (IoT) | 物联网
物联网 (IoT) 是一种系统，使任何连接到互联网的设备能够相互通信，而无需人对人或人对设备的互动。
K
KYC (Know Your Customer) | 了解你的客户
KYC 代表“了解你的客户”，是指企业实体必须验证其客户并对其进行评估的过程。
L
Ledger
A record of financial transactions that cannot be changed, only appended with new transactions.
Leverage
It is an investment strategy to gain potential return of the investment by borrowing the money
Lightning Network
It is the "second layer" or an off-chain of payment protocol that operates on top of a blockchain. Payments on this network do not need block confirmation and it will be instant.
Limit Order / Limit Buy / Limit Sell
Orders placed by traders to buy or sell a cryptocurrency when a certain price is reached
Liquidity
How easily a cryptocurrency can be bought and sold without impacting the overall market price.
M
Multisignal (multi-signature)
They are wallets that require more than one key for transactions to be authorized.
Margin Call
Margin call takes place when investor's margin account falls below the required amount to stay afloat.
Margin Trading
It is a way of investing by borrowing money from a broker (or in crypto, an exchange or platform) to trade
Market capitalization (market cap)
In Crypto, market cap is measured by multiplication of the circulating supply of tokens or currency and its current price
Market Maker
Participant of the market who creates buy and orders
Market Order / Market Buy / Market Sell
A market order is a buy or sell order of stocks or cryptocurrency at the best price available in the current market as soon as possible.
Market Taker
Participant of the market who buys and sells from currently existing orders
Merkle Tree
A Merkle tree is also known as a hash tree in cryptography. It is a tree where every lead node is labelled with cryptographic hash of a data block, and every non-leaf node is labelled with the hash of the labels of its child nodes. It is used to verify of data stored within it and transferable in and between computers.
Metaverse
The Metaverse is a virtual space where users are able to interact with each other in a computer generated environment.
Miners
Contributors to a blockchain taking part in the process of mining.
Mining
It is the process of the miners verify and adding transaction recors into a block.
Mining Pool
Combination of resources of several miners to obtain a higher mining power and thus achieve greater rewards for the opening of blocks.
Mining Reward
The reward resulting from contributing computing resources to process transactions
Moon
"Moon" or "To the moon" is a crypto slang that describes an exclamation when the cryptocurrencies prices are rising and when it hit the peak, the coin is said to be "mooning".
N
Node
Within the blockchain network, the nodes are computers that connect to the network and have an updated copy of the blockchain
Non-custodial
It is a decentralized type-of-wallet, where the users owns its private keys.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT)
They are collectible elements within the Ethereum blockchain under ERC-721, where each token refers to a single element with a certain value
O
Off-chain
It refers to transactions occuring outside the blockchain and executed instantly.
Open/Close
The price at which a cryptocurrency opens at a time period, for example at the start of the day; the price at which a cryptocurrency closes at a time period, for example at the end of the day.
Open Source
Open-source software is a type of software released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.
Option
It is a financial instruments that refers to a contract offers the buyer the right to buy or sell an underlying assets at a specified price and time.
Oracles
In the context of crypto, oracles refers to services which verify real-world and provide data to blockchains/smart contracts.
Order Book
An electronic list of all buy and sell orders in an exchange
Over The Counter (OTC)
It refers to the process that cryptocurrencies are being traded outside exchange and it is done directly between two parties
P
Peer to Peer
A communication protocol that does not require a central hub. Users can make transaction among themselves.
Permissioned Blockchain
It is a private blockchain where the nodes must be previously authorized by a central entity.
Ponzi Scheme
A Ponzi scheme is also referred to as pyramid scheme, and typically takes the form of an investment scheme which pays existing investors with funds collected from new investors.
Portfolio
A portfolio consists all of your current crypto holdings in one place.
Pre-sale
A typically exclusive token sale event preceding a public ICO
Privacy Coins
Cryptocurrencies that are designed with transaction anonimity and user privacy in mind
Private Keys
The alphanumeric string which allows transactions from the cryptocurrency address
Proof of Stake (PoS)
A consensus algorthm that assigns block validation queue based on the coins/token locked in by the validator.
Proof of Work (PoW)
A consensus algorithm in which a block is validated via mathematical hashing
Protocol
The set of rules in a network in which participating members comply to allow proper communication.
Public Blockchain
An open sourced blockchain where participation is public and permissionless
Public Keys
The alphanumeric string which serves as a public receiving address in cryptocurrencies.
Pump and Dump Scheme
A market manipulation method to drive up the price of an asset before profiting by driving it back down.
Q
QR Code
Abbreviation "Quick Response Code", QR code is a machine readable optical label that stores up to 3Kb of data
R
REKT
A shorthand slang for “wrecked”, typically describes bad trades that results in losses.
ROI
Short for “Return on Investment”, the ratio between the net profit and cost of investing.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a popular technical indicator used to analyse financial markets. By charting the current and historical closing prices to evaluate overbought/oversold conditions, RSI oscillates between 0 - 100, with <30 indicating oversold and >70 indicating overbought.
S
Satoshi
A unit measure for the smallest divisible unit of a bitcoin. 1 bitcoin is equal to 100 Million Satoshi.
Satoshi Nakamoto
The pseudoym used in publishing the Bitcoin Whitepaper. Identity is unknown.
Second-Layer Solutions
Secondary network or framework built atop an existing blockchain to address transaction speed and scalability issues.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, an independant agency of the US Federal government which oversees federal securities laws, proposing securities rules, and regulating the securities industry.
Segregated Witness (SegWit)
A soft fork implementation to change the Bitcoin Protocol's transaction format to address Bitcoin's scalability issues whilst introducing new features.
Sell wall
Anomalously large sell order(s) at a single price point that reflects as a "wall" in the order book.
SHA-256
Abbreviation of "Secure Hashing Algoritm - 256", SHA-256 is part of the SHA2 that allows one-way hashing of any data into a 64 character string.
Sharding
A form of database partitioning which breaks up data into smaller segments.
Shilling
One who poses as a enthsiastic customer to swindle others as a form of covert advestising.
Shitcoin
A coin with no obvious potential value or usage.
Side Chain
A separate blockchain ledger that runs parallel with the primary blockchain.
Smart contracts
Self executing contracts on the blockchain without needing human executors or notary.
Software Development Kit (SDK)
It is a collection of software development tools in one package installation. It is designed to help developing applications for a specific device or operating system (OS).
Solidity
Object oriented programming languaged used in various smart contract blockchains.
Stablecoin
Cryptocurrency with a price peg to fiat currencies or commodity.
Staking
The state of locking-in significant amount of token to participate as a validator of a Proof-of-Stake network.
Stop-loss Order
Conditional market order to sell at the next available price, excuted if the price of an asset falls below set-upon limit
T
Testnet
Shorthand for "Test Network", testnets are staging areas for experimenting new blockchain features.
Token
Blockchain based unit of value issued by an organization, which grants token holders a right to participate in a network.
Token Generation Event (TGE)
An event in which new tokens (ussually on a smart contract platform) are created and distributed to the public.
Total Supply
All the tokens and coins that will exist in a cryptocurrency network.
Total Value Locked
Total Value Locked (TVL) represents the number of assets that are currently staked in a protocol or the total quantity of underlying amount of funds that a DeFi protocol has secured.
Trading Volume
The amount of the cryptocurrency that has been traded in the last 24 hours.
Transaction Fee
A payment to the network for performing a transaction to be recorded on the blockchain.
Transactions Per Second (TPS)
It is number of transactions done per second. For example, there are 10 transactions of Bitcoin done in 1-minute. The TPS would be 10 transactions/60 seconds = ~0.17 TPS.
Trustless
Entirely verifiable, without needing to trust or assume an action is done completely and in good faith.
Turing-Complete
A "turing complete" code or blockchain refers to the ability to read program-written codes.
U
Utility Token
Cryptocurrency tokens with specific utilities on a network besides being used as medium of exchange and investment vehicle.
UTC Time
"Universal Time Coordinated", can be used interchangably with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
V
Validator
A block-signing participant of a Proof of Stake blockchain network, whom have significant tokens staked on the network.
Venture Capital
Capital (funds) that is invested in a company that needs a substantial pool of funds to initiate.
W
Wallet
Software client that handles storage of cryptocurrencies and allows users to send cryptocurrencies.
Wallet Address
The address in which cryptocurrency can be stored, sent to and receive.
Watchlist
A personally defined list of values to watch over for activity or changes.
Wei
The smallest fraction of an Ether, with each Ether to 1000000000000000000 Wei.
Whale
Someone who holds an enormous amount of cryptocurrency and has the ability to wave the market
When Lambo
An expression used by investors to ask when the value of their investment could buy them a Lamborghini
When Moon
An expression used by investors to ask when the price of a coin would hit a peak
Whitelist
List of approved participants that will be given access to a token sale (ICO, IEO, STO etc...)
Whitepaper
An introductory paper to clearly explain an issue and a possible solution on the issue.
Y
Yield Farming
Yield farming involves putting cryptocurrency into a DeFi protocol to collect interest on trading fees.
YTD
Acronym for Year-to-date
Z
Zero Knowledge Proof
Cryptographic proof for 2 parties to verify a value without revealing what the value is.